The only thing I remember from high school chemistry class is a measure, called a “mole,” that is expressed as 6.02214 times 10 to the 23rd power.
That’s so big, that if you tossed a mole of particles into the ocean, there would still be hundreds of thousands at the same spot a year later.
And better to have moles in the ocean than your lawn!
My knowledge of science is otherwise limited to stuff my brother-in-law told me. A former research scientist at MIT, he’s now building godknowswhat for the Naval Laboratory in Washington. Back in Cambridge, he focused on fusion, nature’s fundamental collision of atoms that powers the sun and, I believe, at least one of the hybrids on the market.
OK, I’m kidding about the hybrid.
Scientists are excited because if they could ever control fusion, it would provide a limitless supply of energy for the world, eliminating war and the Long Island Power Authority in one fell swoop.
My brother-in-law’s experiments involved a particle accelerator and some magnets, all cooled down with liquid nitrogen. The Pentagon was very interested because the process also can be used in beam weapons and, perhaps, as a means of putting a little energy into the civil service work force.
Fusion is not to be confused with fission, the atomic process that powers nuclear plants. Fission occurs when a single free neutron strikes the nucleus of what is called a “fissile” atom, such as uranium 235. The nucleus splits, sending off flying neutrons, which bang into more nuclei, which spin off more neutrons. This “chain reaction” was famously proven by Enrico Fermi way back in 1942.
A few years ago, French scientists discovered evidence of naturally occurring fission in a deposit of uranium in Gabon, a former colony on the west coast of Africa.
As we all know, uranium 235 atoms make up .720 percent of the earth’s crust. In Gabon, however, uranium samples constituted just .717 percent.
The deposit appeared to be at least two tons short of uranium 235, enough to make a half dozen or so nuclear bombs.
Terrorists? Yet another “Back to the Future” sequel? No. The lab coats eventually determined that the uranium had been used up in a slow-smoldering chain reaction that lasted hundreds of thousands of years and produced as much as 100 kilowatts of power – enough to power at least 25 toasters all at once.
I think we can all imagine the excitement that rippled through the ranks of French cercheurs!
And don’t worry Gabonians: This all started 2 billion years ago, and the dangerous plutonium isotopes spun off by the chain reaction have a half-life of just 24,000 years. It’s safe to work in the yard.
Now that I have you properly warmed up to this science stuff, I want to share some really startling news: Physicists have recently decided that gravity is actually an illusion
.
Whoa, you say. If gravity is an illusion, how do we stay put on the planet, which is revolving at a rate of 1,000 miles per hour? More importantly, if gravity is an illusion, does that also hold true for the sag in my gluteus maximus?
Maybe, but let’s back up. It has long been believed that we live in a three-dimensional world – up/down, left/right and forward/backward. Now, quantum theorists are suggesting that all the particles and fields that make up reality are actually moving around in just two dimensions and that the third – which includes gravity – is some sort of an illusion.
The best analogy is a hologram, a two-dimensional object that, when viewed under the right lighting conditions, produces a three-dimensional image. It’s kind of like three-card monte with only two aces.
Scientists are hot to figure out gravity because it’s the key to determining what happened in the nanoseconds following the big bang that created the universe. This is the Holy Grail for physicists, and it’s not fully explained by quantum mechanics, string theory or even Einstein’s magnum opus, general relativity.
Quantum mechanics and general relativity are, in fact, often at odds. There are also gluons, black holes and negatively curved spacetime called de Sitter space to consider.
A piece I read in Scientific American simplified it this way: Imagine disks of hyperbolic space stacked atop one another, each representing the state of the universe at one instant. Physics operates strangely in such spacetime: a tennis ball thrown away from the center of the universe always falls back in a fixed period of time, while a laser beam can travel to the boundary of the universe and back in that same interval.
There, I think that sums it up nicely. If you understand any of this, please call me right away. Otherwise, I’m left with but two questions:
If gravity is an illusion, can you still toss a mole as far as the ocean?
Or would it only make the Sound?
Change is a good thing
August 26, 2008 by Henry E. Powderly II
A recent barrage of comments assailing Suffolk’s deputy county executive, James Morgo, has led the scales of a long-entertained debate at LIBN over blog commenters to tip at last to one side.
The last issue had to do with “sock puppetry,” which is when one commenter posts several comments under different aliases in order to appear like he or she is leading a posse of like-minded individuals.
This has happened a lot.
LI Biz Blog is a newspaper-run blog, so as of today we are requiring commenters to follow similar rules to the ones papers employ in their letters to the editor pages. Users must register and be logged in, as well as have one approved comment, to participate in discussions on this blog. By doing this we can make sure people aren’t falsely representing themselves on this blog.
For example, it would be a disservice to our readers if we let County Executive Steve Levy write a letter to LIBN, under the moniker Awesome Bill, claiming Steve Levy’s ideas for Suffolk are the best-hatched plans the world has ever seen.
Lastly, the majority of commenters to this blog have brought sincere, intelligent and necessary discussions to this site. Please, don’t be dissuaded to register and continue to share your valuable inputs.
Discussion is critical to a good blog, which is why we want to ensure the integrity of the discussion.
Thank you.
Posted in LI Biz | Tagged commenting, discussion, LI Biz Blog | 4 Comments »